Alan J. Auerbach is Professor of the Graduate School in the Department of Economics at the University of California, Berkeley. He was previously the Robert D. Burch Professor of Economics and Law and Director of the Burch Center for Tax Policy and Public Finance at UC Berkeley, also serving as Chair of the Economics Department on multiple occasions. A Research Associate of the National Bureau of Economic Research, Professor Auerbach previously taught at Harvard and the University of Pennsylvania, where he also served as Economics Department Chair. Professor Auerbach was Deputy Chief of Staff of the U.S. Joint Committee on Taxation in 1992 and has been an adviser to several government agencies and institutions. He is a Distinguished Fellow of the American Economic Association, having previously served as an Executive Committee Member and Vice President of that association and as Editor of its Journal of Economic Perspectives and American Economic Journal: Economic Policy. Professor Auerbach is a past President of the Western Economic Association International and the National Tax Association, from which he received the Daniel M. Holland Medal. He is a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the Econometric Society, and the National Academy of Social Insurance

On 20 December 2019, Andrew Bailey was announced as the Governor of the Bank of England. He began his term on 16 March 2020.  Andrew became the Chair of the Financial Stability Board on 1 July 2025. Andrew Bailey served as Chief Executive Officer of the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) from 1 July 2016 until taking up the role of Governor. As CEO of the FCA, Andrew Bailey was also a member of the Prudential Regulation Committee, the Financial Policy Committee, and the Board of the Financial Conduct Authority. Andrew previously held the role of Deputy Governor, Prudential Regulation and CEO of the PRA from 1 April 2013. While retaining his role as Executive Director of the Bank, Andrew joined the Financial Services Authority in April 2011 as Deputy Head of the Prudential Business Unit and Director of UK Banks and Building Societies. In July 2012, Andrew became Managing Director of the Prudential Business Unit, with responsibility for the prudential supervision of banks, investment banks and insurance companies. Andrew was appointed as a voting member of the interim Financial Policy Committee at its June 2012 meeting. Previously, Andrew worked at the Bank in a number of areas, most recently as Executive Director for Banking Services and Chief Cashier, as well as Head of the Bank's Special Resolution Unit (SRU). Previous roles include Governor's Private Secretary, and Head of the International Economic Analysis Division in Monetary Analysis.

Ida Wolden Bache is the Governor of Norges Bank, she was appointed in 2022. Previously she has held the positions of Deputy Governor from 2020-2022, Executive Director of the Monetary Policy Department from 2016-2020, Executive Director of the Financial Stability Department in 2015, Deputy Executive Director of the Financial Stability Department and Head of Macroprudential unit from 2013-2014, Senior Economist at Handelsbanken Capital Markets from 2010-2013, Assistant Director of the Monetary Policy Department of Norges Bank from 2009-2010, Associate Professor II at BI Norwegian Business School from 2008-2010 and Economist/Senior Economist/Senior Adviser ath the Research Department and Monetary Policy Department of Norges Bank 2000-2009.

Michelle W. Bowman has been serving as a member of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System since November 26, 2018. Initially appointed to fill the remainder of an unexpired term, she was reappointed for a full 14-year term that ends on January 31, 2034. On June 9, 2025, Bowman was sworn in as the third Vice Chair for Supervision and is responsible for overseeing the supervision and regulation of depository institution holding companies and other financial firms supervised by the Board. As the only member of the Board with banking and state supervisory experience, she chairs the Board’s Subcommittee on Smaller and Regional Community Banking, and serves on the Board’s Payments, Clearing, and Settlement Committee. In addition to her work at the Board, Bowman chairs the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council, an interagency body tasked with promoting consistency in financial examinations. Her international roles include serving on the Governors and Heads of Supervision group of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision and as the U.S. Plenary member of the Financial Stability Board (FSB), where she chairs the FSB’s Standing Committee on Supervisory and Regulatory Cooperation. She is also a member of the Advisory Board of the Financial Stability Institute of the Bank for International Settlements. Prior to her appointment to the Board, she served as the Kansas state bank commissioner from January 2017 to November 2018, and as vice president of Farmers & Drovers Bank in Kansas from 2010 to 2017. Her past public service includes serving as a deputy assistant secretary and policy adviser to Homeland Security Secretary Tom Ridge, director of Congressional and Intergovernmental Affairs at the Federal Emergency Management Agency, and counsel to the U.S. House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure and the Committee on Government Reform and Oversight, as well as working for Kansas Senator Bob Dole. Following her time in Washington, Bowman led a government and public affairs consultancy in London before returning to Kansas in 2010. She earned a bachelor’s degree from the University of Kansas and a JD from the Washburn University School of Law. Bowman is a member of the New York State Bar.

Tómas Brynjólfsson was appointed Deputy Governor for Financial Stability in August 2024. Tómas holds a master’s degree in international relations from the London School of Economics (2004) and a master’s degree in economics from the University of Iceland (2003). He also completed a BA degree in international affairs, history, and economics at the University of Georgia in 2002. Tómas served as Director of the Economic Affairs Department in the Ministry of Finance and Economic Affairs from 2018 and was Acting Permanent Secretary from January to April 2024. From 2015 to 2018, he was Director of the Trade in Services Division at the EFTA Secretariat in Brussels, and from 2013 to 2015 he was Director of the Department of Economic Affairs and Financial Markets in the Ministry of Finance and Economic Affairs. Tómas was Vice-Chairman of the Board of the Financial Supervisory Authority in 2015 and Chairman of the Board of the Pension Fund for Pension Rights from 2021 to 2023.

Gabriel Chodorow-Reich is the George Fisher Baker Professor of Economics at Harvard. His research focuses on macroeconomics, finance, and labor markets.

Lawrence Christiano is the Alfred W. Chase Chair and a professor of economics at Northwestern University. He has been on the faculty at Northwestern since 1992. Before that he was employed at the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis and taught at Carnegie Mellon University and the University of Chicago. He was chairman of the Northwestern Economics department, 2016-2019. Professor Christiano is a macroeconomist who has worked on the tools of time series analysis, as well as models of closed and open economies. His models integrate financial frictions, labor market search frictions, as well as frictions allow foreign exchange rate interventions to have real effects. He has done a range of empirical work, from estimating the dynamic effects of monetary policy shocks to studying micro data on firms to understand the exchange rate impact on firm investment and employment. His work has been published in journals such as the American Economic Review, Econometrica, Journal of Economic Theory, Journal of Political Economy, Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economics and Statistics, and numerous other journals. He has also served as a research consultant for the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and the Federal Reserve Banks of Atlanta, Cleveland, Chicago and Minneapolis, numerous other banks around the world, and has also been a visiting scholar at the International Monetary Fund and European Central Bank. He is the recipient of National Science Foundation grants, a Fellow of the Econometric Society, and a research associate of the National Bureau of Economic Research.

Christopher Clayton is an Assistant Professor of Finance, Yale School of Management, Faculty Research Fellow (IFM, ITI), NBER. he works on research in international economics, finance, and macroeconomics. My research topics include geoeconomics and geopolitics, reserve currency internationalization, multinational banking, financial regulation, and monetary policy. I am an Associate Editor at the Journal of International Economics. I received a PhD in Economics from Harvard University in 2020.

Reinhard Cluse is a Managing Director and Chief Economist for Europe at UBS. Reinhard’s team has dominated the Extel/Institutional Investor surveys for Developed Europe economic research since 2014. In 2016-2022, 2024 and 2025, Reinhard also ranked first individually. Before assuming leadership of the European economics team in early 2013, Reinhard was UBS's Chief Economist for Emerging EMEA. Reinhard joined UBS in 2002 and holds a master’s degree and a Ph.D in economics from the University of Freiburg, Germany.

Jesús Fernández-Villaverde is currently the Howard Marks Presidential Professor of Economics at the University of Pennsylvania, where he serves as the Director of the Penn Initiative for the Study of Markets and co-director of the Business, Economic, and Financial History Project. He is also a Visiting Professor at the University of Oxford, Senior Scholar at the American Enterprise Institute, a visiting scholar at the European Central Bank and Bank of Spain, a fellow at Collegium Institute, and a member of the National Bureau of Economic Research and the Center for Economic Policy Research.

Hafsteinn Hauksson is Chief Economist at Kvika banki, based in London. His career in financial markets spans close to 15 years in investment research, sovereign advisory and private equity across London and Reykjavík, giving him a distinctive lens on global macro and the transmission of geopolitical risk into financial markets. Before joining Kvika, he advised emerging-market governments on debt management and restructuring at boutique advisory Newstate Partners and served as a senior economist at Arion Bank. He began his professional life as a broadcast journalist covering economics and politics in his native Reykjavík, and remains a frequent commentator in domestic and international media. He holds an MSc in Finance and Economics from the London School of Economics, where he studied as a Chevening Scholar.

Per Jansson has served as Deputy Governor of Sveriges Riksbank, Sweden’s central bank, since 2012. Between 2010–2012 he was head of the bank’s Monetary Policy Department. Prior to this, Mr Jansson was State Secretary at the Ministry of Finance 2006–2010. He previously served as Deputy Director of Forecasting at the National Institute of Economic Research. He holds a PhD in Economics from Uppsala University and is Associate Professor. In his international capacity, Mr Jansson represents Sveriges Riksbank in a number of fora. He is a member of the EU Economic and Financial Committee (EFC). He serves as alternate to the Governor at the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) bimonthly meetings and on the BIS Innovation Hub (BISIH) Advisory Committee, and he is a member of the BIS Committee on the Global Financial System (CGFS). In addition, he participates in the Nordic Deputy Governors’ meetings.

Beata Javorcik is Chief Economist of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) in London. She is on leave from the University of Oxford, where she is the first woman to hold a Statutory Professorship in Economics. She is also a Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford. She is a member of the Scientific Advisory Committee at ifo Institute, University of Munich, as well as of the Executive and Supervisory Committee of CERGE-EI in Prague. Before taking up her position at Oxford, she worked at the World Bank in Washington DC, where she focused on research, lending operations and policy advice. She holds a Ph.D. in Economics from Yale and a B.A. in Economics (Summa cum Laude) from the University of Rochester

Ásgeir Jónsson was appointed Governor of the Central Bank in August 2019. Reappointed as Governor in August 2024 for a five‑year term. Ásgeir graduated with a BS degree in economics from the University of Iceland in 1994, a MS degree from Indiana University in 1997, and completed his PhD at Indiana University in 2001. Ásgeir worked for a time as an economist at the labour union Dagsbrún and at the Institute of Economic Studies at the University of Iceland. In 2004, he was hired as a lecturer in the University of Iceland’s Faculty of Economics and later became an associate professor. In 2015, he became the head of the Faculty of Economics. Alongside his academic work, Ásgeir served as an economic advisor at Virðing and Gamma, and was the chief economist of Kaupthing and later Arion Bank from 2004 to 2011. Ásgeir chaired the working group on the review of monetary policy and authored a report discussing proposals for reforms in the financial market.

Gazi İshak Kara is a Deputy Governor of the Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye. He was appointed to this position in February 2026.

Prior to joining the Central Bank, Dr. Kara served at the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, where he held several positions in the Division of Financial Stability, most recently as Chief of the Financial Stability Assessment Section.

Dr. Kara’s work focuses on banking, financial stability, and international economics. He has also been a visiting scholar at the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) and Boğaziçi University.

He holds a PhD in Economics from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, an MA in Economics from Boğaziçi University, and a BA in Business Administration from Istanbul University.

Kristina Kostial is Deputy Director in the IMF’s European Department. Over a 30-year career at the IMF, she has built deep operational and policy expertise across program and surveillance work. She currently oversees country work for twelve economies, including Spain, Türkiye, the United Kingdom, and Ukraine, and leads the department’s work on artificial intelligence and on energy and climate issues. Previously, as Deputy Director in the Strategy, Policy, and Review Department, she steered institution-wide strategic priorities, including IMF engagement with the G20, and led negotiations on the 16th General Quota Review. She also let the design of the IMF’s climate strategy and oversaw its early implementation. Kristina has served as mission chief for IMF-supported programs in Jordan and Rwanda; for surveillance missions to Lebanon and Syria; and for South Sudan’s accession as the Fund’s 188th member. She holds a PhD from the European University Institute in Florence and a Diplom in Volkswirtschaft from the Universität Bonn.

Daði Már Kristófersson is Iceland’s Minister of Finance and Economic Affairs.  Daði has been a professor of economics at the University of Iceland since 2016. He was a specialist at the Institute of Economic Studies at the University of Iceland from 2007, and served as a lecturer and later associate professor in the university's Faculty of Economics from 2009. Daði holds a PhD in economics from the Norwegian University of Life Sciences and an MS degree in environmental and resource economics from the same institution.

Signe Krogstrup is a member of the Board of Governors of Danmarks Nationalbank. She obtained an MSc in Economics from the University of Copenhagen in 1999 and a PhD in International Economics from The Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies in Geneva, Switzerland, in 2003. Assistant Governor and Head of Department of Economics and Monetary Policy, Danmarks Nationalbank, 2019-2020. Previously she has held the positions of Senior Advisor, Research Department, IMF, Washington DC, USA 2016-2019, Visiting Fellow, Peterson Institute for International Economics, Washington DC, USA 2015-2016, Assistant Director and Deputy Head of Monetary Policy Analysis, Swiss National Bank, Zurich, Switzerland 2011-2015, Senior Economist, Monetary Policy Analysis, Swiss National Bank, Zurich, Switzerland 2009-2011, Advisor to the Governor, Swiss National Bank, Bern, Switzerland 2007-2009, Associate Professor and Postdoc, the Graduate Institute of International Studies, Geneva, Switzerland 2004-2007, Associate Economic Affairs Officer, Economic Analysis Division, UN-ESCWA – Beirut, Lebanon 2002-2004 and Associate Economic Affairs Officer, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), Geneva, Switzerland 2001.

Chen Lian is an assistant professor in the Department of Economics.   He works on macroeconomics, behavioral economics, and finance.

Mr. Sanjay Malhotra, an Indian Administrative Service Officer of 1990 Batch Rajasthan Cadre, took over charge as the 26th Governor of the Reserve Bank of India for a period of three years effective December 11, 2024. Immediately prior to this appointment, Mr. Malhotra was Secretary, Department of Revenue (DOR) in the Ministry of Finance, Government of India, before which Mr. Malhotra held the post of Secretary in Department of Financial Services in the Ministry of Finance, Government of India.  Mr. Malhotra has vast and diverse experience across various key sectors including power, finance and taxation, information technology, etc. and has held key positions both at the State and the Central Government, apart from having a stint with a United Nations agency. He was also Chairman and Managing Director of Rural Electrification Corporation Limited. Mr. Malhotra served on the Central Board of Reserve Bank of India as a Government Nominee Director from February 16, 2022 to November 14, 2022. Mr. Malhotra is a graduate in Computer Science and Engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur and a Master in Public Policy from the Princeton University, USA.

Michael McLeay is a Research Adviser at the Bank of England, and currently co-manages the Policy Framework Team in the Bank's Monetary Analysis area. Previously, he has worked in a variety of policy and research roles, including as adviser to an MPC member, and in teams covering monetary strategy and conventional and unconventional policy transmission. He also lectures part time at the London School of Economics.

Alberto G. Musalem is the president and CEO of the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. In this role, he participates on the Federal Reserve’s Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC), which meets at least eight times each year to set the direction of U.S. monetary policy. He also oversees the activities of the Eighth Federal Reserve District at its St. Louis headquarters and branches in Little Rock, Ark., Louisville, Ky., and Memphis, Tenn. These activities include economic research, fiscal agent responsibilities for the U.S. Treasury, supervision of District financial institutions, community development, and regional payments, transparency, technology and support functions. St. Louis Fed teams work collaboratively across the Federal Reserve System in each of those areas. In addition, as the St. Louis Fed president, Musalem makes public outreach a priority, talking regularly with people and communities across the Eighth District about the economy. Engaging with Main Street provides him with important insights as he represents the District at the monetary policy table. President Musalem is an economist and executive with more than three decades of public and private sector experience in economic policy, finance and markets. He earned a Ph.D. in economics from the University of Pennsylvania. He also holds master’s and bachelor’s degrees in economics from the London School of Economics and Political Science.

Madis Müller is the Governor for Eesti Pank and a member of the European Central Bank’s Governing Council. Prior to his appointment in June 2019, Mr. Müller held the position of a Deputy Governor of Eesti Pank, with his primary responsibilities including issues related to financial stability, payment systems, reserve management and cash operations. Before joining Eesti Pank in 2011, Mr Müller worked in the area of investment management at the International Finance Corporation (IFC) in Washington, DC. He has also held the roles of an advisor and senior advisor to the executive director of the Nordic-Baltic constituency at the World Bank, an economic advisor to the Prime Minister and the Minister of Finance of Estonia and that of a corporate finance consultant for PricewaterhouseCoopers. Mr Müller holds a Masters in Finance degree from George Washington University and a degree in banking and finance from the Estonian Business School. He is also an FRM (Financial Risk Manager) and CFA (Chartered Financial Analyst) charterholder.

Emi Nakamura is the E. Morris Cox Professor of Economics in the Berkeley Economics department. Her research focuses on monetary and fiscal policy, business cycles and macroeconomic measurement. She is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, co-director of the Monetary Economics program at the National Bureau of Economic Research and serves on the Congressional Budget Office’s Panel of Economic Advisers. She is a recipient of the John Bates Clark medal, the Elaine Bennett Research Prize, the NSF Career Grant, and the Sloan Research Fellowship. She holds a PhD from Harvard University and an A.B. from Princeton University, and taught at the Columbia economics department and business school before joining the Berkeley economics department in 2018.

Born in Budapest in 1978, he graduated in 2004 from Corvinus University of Budapest, Faculty of Economics, with a Masters degree in Finance and a Minor in Actuarial Science.He began his professional career at the Magyar Nemzeti Bank in 2004 as an analyst in the Monetary Strategy Department of the Economics Directorate. Between 2007 and 2010 he served at the European Central Bank as an economist responsible for non-euro area EU member states. From November 2010, he headed the Macroeconomic Policy Department of the Ministry for National Economy and represented Hungary in the European Union’s Economic Policy Committee (EPC). From 2013 to 2020, he was Executive Director and Chief Economist of the Magyar Nemzeti Bank. During this period, he was also a member of the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) of the European Central Bank and a Member of the Economic and Financial Committee (EFC) of the European Union. In 2015, he was awarded the Sándor Popovics Prize, granted to economists under the age of 45 for outstanding professional achievements. Between 2020 and 2025, he served in Washington, DC on the Executive Board of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), representing the Central and Eastern European Constituency as Executive Director, and from November 2024 as Alternate Executive Director. As from September 2025, he is Deputy Governor of the Magyar Nemzeti Bank, in which capacity he is responsible for international relations. He is an Honorary Associate Professor at Corvinus University of Budapest and Member of the Board of Trustees of Maecenas Universitatis Corvini Foundation. Since 2017, he is Vice President of the Hungarian Economic Association (MKT). Between 2016 and 2020, he served as Chairman of the Editorial Board of Financial and Economic Review, since 2020 he is Editor-in-Chief. Since 2019, he has also been a member of the Editorial Board of Economic Review.

Fabrizio Perri is currently Monetary Advisor and Deputy Director at the research department of the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. Past positions include Professor of Economics at the University of Minnesota and at Università Bocconi, and William Berkley Professor in Economics and Business at New York University. He graduated from Universitá Bocconi in Italy with a degree in economics and social sciences, and received his Ph.D. in Economics from the University of Pennsylvania. Fabrizio’s research focuses on macroeconomics, international macroeconomics, and inequality. His articles have appeared in journals such as the American Economic Review, Journal of Political Economy, Econometrica, and the Review of Economic Studies.  He is also a fellow of the Econometric Society, an affiliate at the Center for Economic and Policy Research (CEPR) and serves as co-editor of Quantitative Economics.

Þórarinn G. Pétursson was appointed Deputy Governor for Monetary Policy in January 2025. Þórarinn holds a Cand. Oecon. degree in economics from the University of Iceland, a master’s degree in economics from the University of Essex in the United Kingdom, and a PhD in economics from Aarhus University in Denmark. Þórarinn began working at the Central Bank of Iceland in 1994. He served as Chief Economist and Director of the Economics and Monetary Policy Department from 2009 and was a member of the Bank’s Monetary Policy Committee from 2009 to 2019. Previously, he worked, among other things, as Head of the Research and Forecasting Division and as Head of Economic Research.

Franck Portier is a Professor of Macroeconomics in the Department of Economics at University College London (UCL). He is also an honorary member of the Institut Universitaire de France and a Research Fellow at CEPR.

Mahmood Pradhan is a Non-Resident Fellow at Bruegel and Senior External Advisor at Brevan Howard Investment Management. Mahmood was previously the Global Head of Macro and Strategy at Amundi Asset Management. Prior to that he was Deputy Director of the European Department at the IMF (2011-20) heading the IMF’s bilateral relations with the Euro Area and the EU. And earlier Mahmood was the IMF’s mission chief for Japan and oversaw the Fund’s engagement with South East Asia, and Assistant Director, Monetary and Capital Markets Department during the Global Financial Crisis.  Mahmood also spent 9 years in the asset management industry as an Emerging Markets Strategist with Tudor Investment Corporation, Bluecrest Capital Management, and as an Emerging Market portfolio manager at Wadhwani Asset Management. Earlier in his career, he worked at the Bank of England on monetary policy and financial markets.

Dimitar Radev has been Governor of the Bulgarian National Bank since 15 July 2015. He was elected by the 49th National Assembly for a second consecutive six-year term of office, starting from 18 July 2023. He has been a member of the Governing Council of the European Central Bank since 18 July 2023. He has also been a member of the General Council of the European Central Bank; member of the General Board of the European Systemic Risk Board and governor for Bulgaria in the IMF. He has been senior economist leading technical assistance missions in the area of public finance management at the Fiscal Affairs Department, International Monetary Fund; advisor in providing expert assistance in the public finance area, International Monetary Fund; assistant to the Executive Director, International Monetary Fund and Deputy Finance Minister in six consecutive governments;

Ricardo Reis is the A.W. Phillips Professor of Economics at the London School of Economics. He is an elected Fellow of the British Academy, the Academia de Ciências de Lisboa, and the Econometric Society, and is a past winner of the Yrjo Jahnsson medal, the Carl Menger award, the Bernacer prize, and the BdF/TSE junior prize. Professor Reis is an academic consultant at the Bank of England, the European Stability Mechanism, the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, and serves on the council or as an advisor of multiple organizations. He has published widely on macroeconomics, including both monetary and fiscal policy, inflation and business cycles, and finance in the international monetary system. Professor Reis received his PhD from Harvard University, and was previously on the faculty at Columbia University and Princeton University.

Martin Schlegel, born in 1976, graduated in economics from the University of Zurich in 2003, and thereafter joined the Research unit at the SNB. From 2004 to 2009, he worked as an economist in the Financial Market Analysis and Money Market units. He received his doctorate in economics from the University of Basel in 2009. In the same year, Martin Schlegel took over as head of the SNB's Foreign Exchange and Gold unit. In 2016, he was appointed head of the SNB's branch office in Singapore. From 2011 to 2018, he was a member of the Investment Committee at the SNB. From 2010 to 2022, Martin Schlegel lectured in applied monetary policy at the University of Basel. In the years 2015 and 2016, he also worked selectively as an expert on projects for the International Monetary Fund. The Swiss Federal Council appointed Martin Schlegel as Alternate Member of the Governing Board with effect from 1 September 2018. In this function he acted as deputy to the Head of Department I in Zurich. With effect from 1 August 2022, Martin Schlegel was appointed as Vice Chairman of the Governing Board and took on the role of Head of Department II (Financial Stability, Cash, Risk Management, Accounting, Controlling, Operational Risk and Security) in Berne. The Federal Council appointed Martin Schlegel as Chairman of the Governing Board with effect from 1 October 2024. He then took on the role of Head of Department I (Secretariat General, Economic Affairs, International Monetary Cooperation, Statistics, Communications, Legal Services, Compliance, Internal Audit, Human Resources, Premises and Technical Services) in Zurich. Martin Schlegel is Governor of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) for Switzerland and a member of the Board of Directors of the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) in Basel. He represents Switzerland in the Plenary and the Steering Committee of the Financial Stability Board (FSB), and is Chair of the FSB's Standing Committee on Budget and Resources (SCBR). In 2024, Martin Schlegel was elected Chairman of the Foundation Board of the International Center for Monetary and Banking Studies (ICMB) in Geneva. He is a member of the Board of Trustees at the ETH Zurich Foundation and a member of the board of Zürcher Volkswirtschaftliche Gesellschaft (ZVG)

Jeff Schmid is president and chief executive officer of the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City. He represents the Tenth Federal Reserve District on the Federal Open Market Committee, which sets monetary policy for the United States. Schmid leads a workforce of nearly 2,000 professionals engaged in the work of the central bank, including monitoring economic conditions, supervising banking institutions, and providing financial services to banks and the United States government. Through offices in Kansas City, Denver, Oklahoma City and Omaha, the Bank serves a seven-state region that includes western Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, Oklahoma, Colorado, Wyoming, and northern New Mexico. As Bank president, he hosts the annual Jackson Hole Economic Policy Symposium, bringing together international central bankers, academics, and policymakers to discuss economic and financial policy issues. Among the Bank’s accomplishments under his leadership is the implementation of a five-year strategy aligning the Bank’s efforts in serving the Tenth District. It is focused on deepening and expanding talent investments, leveraging expertise in technology and artificial intelligence, maximizing regional connections and communications, and advancing value-added analytics. Schmid has more than 40 years of experience in banking and bank supervision. Prior to joining the Kansas City Fed in August 2023, he served as the president and CEO of the Southwestern Graduate School of Banking Foundation at Southern Methodist University’s Cox School of Business, which focuses on bank leadership and strategic planning for community banks. Among his banking experience, he led Mutual of Omaha’s entry into banking sector, serving as chairman and CEO of Mutual of Omaha Bank which served depositors and borrowers nationwide. Jeff is a graduate of both the University of Nebraska-Lincoln and the Southwestern Graduate School of Banking at SMU. He is a native of Nebraska.

Jon Steinsson is the Marek Professor of Public Policy and Economics at the University of California at Berkeley. He is Co-Director for the Monetary Economics program of the National Bureau of Economic Research and co-Editor of the Brookings Papers on Economic Activity. Professor Steinsson is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and a Fellow of the Econometric Society. He holds a Ph.D. in economics from Harvard University. He taught at Columbia University before moving to Berkeley.  His main area of research is empirical macroeconomics with a focus on monetary economics and business cycles.

Ludwig Straub is a professor of economics at Harvard University. His research areas are macroeconomics and international economics. Among his topics of interest are the recent decline in the natural rate of interest, rising levels of private and public debt, and the transmission of monetary and fiscal policy. Ludwig also has an active research agenda solving and analyzing heterogeneous-agent models. Among his most recent papers is a 2025 paper studying the short-run effects of tariff shocks. Ludwig is the recipient of the 2026 John Bates Clark Medal, a 2024 Sloan Fellowship, and the 2022 AQR Young Researcher Prize. He obtained his PhD in economics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, a master’s degree in mathematics from Trinity College in Cambridge, England, and a bachelor’s degree in physics from Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich.

John C. Williams is the president and chief executive officer of the New York Fed. In that capacity, he serves as the vice chair and a permanent voting member of the Federal Open Market Committee. Before joining the New York Fed in 2018, Mr. Williams was the president and CEO of the San Francisco Fed, which he first joined in 2002 and subsequently served as research director. He began his career as an economist at the Federal Reserve’s Board of Governors, and he has also served in roles at the White House Council of Economic Advisers and Stanford University’s Graduate School of Business.

Jason Wu is the Assistant Director at the International Monetary Fund, where he leads the Global Markets Analysis division. In this role, he directs the IMF’s financial market surveillance efforts and oversees the production of the flagship Global Financial Stability Report. Prior to joining the IMF, Jason served as Associate Director in the Division of International Finance at the Federal Reserve Board, where he led the Global Financial Flows, Global Financial Institutions, and International Financial Stability groups. From 2007 to 2018, he held various roles in the Board’s Divisions of Monetary Affairs and Supervision and Regulation, focusing on FOMC communications and the transmission of monetary policy through financial markets. Between 2018 and 2021, Jason was with the Hong Kong Monetary Authority, where he served first as Head of Economic Research and later as Head of Credit Risk and Banking Statistics. Jason holds a Ph.D. in Economics from the University of Wisconsin–Madison. His research on monetary policy transmission, banking, capital flows, and econometrics has been published in leading academic journals.

María Sigrún Hilmarsdóttir is a reporter and news presenter at the RÚV Newsroom, where she has worked for 21 years. She holds a BA degree in Economics from the University of Iceland and a Master’s degree in Journalism and Media Studies from the same university. During her studies, she worked as a research assistant at the University of Iceland’s Institute of Economic Studies. Before beginning her career in journalism, María Sigrún also worked for the Confederation of Icelandic Enterprise, the Iceland Chamber of Commerce, and in the securities division of Landsbankinn. In her work as a journalist, she has specialized in investigative reporting, produced two documentaries, and hosted several interview programs. She has also moderated numerous conferences for professional and non-governmental organizations, as well as for the Central Bank of Iceland.

Stephanie Flanders is head of Economics and Government at Bloomberg News, overseeing the research and journalism of 250 economists and reporters worldwide and hosting the weekly podcast, Trumponomics. She was previously Chief Market Strategist for Europe at J P Morgan Asset Management in London (2013-17) and BBC Economics Editor (2002-2013).  She was Senior Advisor and speech writer to US Treasury Secretary Lawrence H. Summers (1997-2001). She has also been a reporter at the New York Times, the Principal Editor of the 2002 Human Development Report, an editorial-writer and economics columnist at the Financial Times, and an economist at the Institute for Fiscal Studies and London Business School. In 2016-17 Flanders chaired the Inclusive Growth Commission for the Royal Society of Arts. She is the Chair of the non-profit arts company, Artichoke, an Honorary Fellow of Balliol College, Oxford and a Fellow of the Society of Professional Economists.

Claire Jones is the FT's US economics editor. Based in Washington, DC, Claire reports on the Federal Reserve and the Trump Administration's attempts to reshape the world's largest economy. She joined the FT in 2011 to cover economics and markets from London, before switching to Frankfurt to write about the European Central Bank and the Eurozone. She holds a degree in economics and philosophy from the London School of Economics and Political Science.